{"id":4249,"date":"2017-11-29T20:06:05","date_gmt":"2017-11-29T19:06:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/?p=4249"},"modified":"2019-12-21T20:10:16","modified_gmt":"2019-12-21T19:10:16","slug":"xerrades-de-la-marato","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/general\/xerrades-de-la-marato\/","title":{"rendered":"Xerrades de &#8220;La Marat\u00f3&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Avui dimecres els alumnes de quart d&#8217;ESO han pogut anar a la xerrada de &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ccma.cat\/tv3\/marato\/2017\/190\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>La Marat\u00f3<\/strong><\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-U25lI2HY4Ik\/XeKzEq2ubpI\/AAAAAAAAV64\/t2qKBPaSzRIrCS93CgriNroLtQ7RHcijgCLcBGAsYHQ\/s1600\/1511785080925.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PELtLuYQ7Jw\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Les malalties infeccioses s\u00f3n la causa d&#8217;<strong>1 de cada 3 morts al m\u00f3n i s\u00f3n un problema important de salut p\u00fablica<\/strong>. Estan causades per microorganismes pat\u00f2gens (bacteris, virus, fongs i protozous) que entren al cos i es multipliquen fins que produeixen la malaltia.<\/p>\n<p>Cada microorganisme s&#8217;instal\u00b7la i prolifera en un lloc diferent del cos hum\u00e0, depenent de la seva via d&#8217;entrada i caracter\u00edstiques. Les persones que porten pr\u00f2tesis ortop\u00e8diques o v\u00e0lvules card\u00edaques o neurol\u00f2giques tenen un risc afegit de tenir infeccions oportunistes en aquests dispositius permanents.<\/p>\n<p>La majoria de malalties infeccioses\u00a0<strong>es transmeten d&#8217;uns individus als altres i poden afectar qualsevol persona<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Tothom tindr\u00e0 unes quantes infeccions al llarg de la seva vida. La majoria s\u00f3n lleus, per\u00f2 algunes s\u00f3n molt greus i\u00a0<strong>poden portar a la mort de manera r\u00e0pida<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"titol-gran\">Infeccions comunit\u00e0ries freq\u00fcents<\/h2>\n<p>S\u00f3n les infeccions que normalment es curen sense problemes per\u00f2, segons l&#8217;edat i l&#8217;estat de salut previ del malalt, tamb\u00e9 poden complicar-se molt i provocar la mort.<\/p>\n<p>Inclou malalties com\u00a0<strong>la pneum\u00f2nia<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>la grip<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>la gastroenteritis o les infeccions urin\u00e0ries<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"titol-gran\">Infeccions comunit\u00e0ries greus o d&#8217;especial risc de contagi<\/h2>\n<p>S\u00f3n malalties m\u00e9s greus i amb un potencial perill de contagi que pot afectar la comunitat. En aquest grup hi ha infeccions com la\u00a0<strong>meningitis<\/strong>,<strong>\u00a0la tuberculosi<\/strong>,<strong>\u00a0l&#8217;hepatitis<\/strong><em>,<\/em>\u00a0<strong>la infecci\u00f3 pel VIH\u00a0<\/strong>o<strong>\u00a0les malalties de transmissi\u00f3 sexual<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"titol-gran\">S\u00e8psia<\/h2>\n<p>La s\u00e8psia es produeix quan\u00a0<strong>una infecci\u00f3 localitzada s&#8217;escampa i passa a la sang<\/strong>,<strong>\u00a0arriba a d&#8217;altres \u00f2rgans,<\/strong>provoca una resposta inflamat\u00f2ria exagerada, una fallada multiorg\u00e0nica i, en molts casos, la mort. Als malalts que es recuperen d&#8217;una s\u00e8psia sovint els queden seq\u00fceles importants.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A Catalunya moren 10 persones cada dia per s\u00e8psia greu.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00c9s la primera causa de mort per infecci\u00f3 al m\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"titol-gran\">Infeccions nosocomials<\/h2>\n<p>Les infeccions nosocomials s\u00f3n\u00a0<strong>les infeccions relacionades amb l&#8217;assist\u00e8ncia sanit\u00e0ria o amb les cures de la salut<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Afecten sobretot pacients postquir\u00fargics, els que porten dispositius temporals com cat\u00e8ters vasculars, sondes urin\u00e0ries o aparells de ventilaci\u00f3 assistida.<\/p>\n<p>Tamb\u00e9 hi ha les infeccions oportunistes que afecten persones immunodeprimides. Aquestes infeccions poden arribar a causar la mort dels malalts de c\u00e0ncer o la p\u00e8rdua d&#8217;un \u00f2rgan als pacients trasplantats.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"titol-gran\">Infeccions emergents i del viatger<\/h2>\n<p>Les emergents s\u00f3n les malalties que aqu\u00ed ja s&#8217;havien controlat a trav\u00e9s de la vacunaci\u00f3, i les del viatger s\u00f3n les origin\u00e0ries d&#8217;altres llocs del m\u00f3n. S\u00f3n un grup d&#8217;infeccions que va en augment.<\/p>\n<p>Les emergents s\u00f3n malalties com el\u00a0<strong>xarampi\u00f3<\/strong>,<strong>\u00a0la tos ferina o la dift\u00e8ria,\u00a0<\/strong>i les importades s\u00f3n infeccions com<strong>\u00a0la mal\u00e0ria<\/strong>,<strong>\u00a0el dengue<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>el Zika<\/strong>\u00a0o<strong>\u00a0la malaltia de Chagas,\u00a0<\/strong>que es transmeten a trav\u00e9s d&#8217;insectes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"titol-gran\">LA LLUITA<\/h2>\n<p>Els experts en salut assenyalen que per fer front a les infeccions disposem de:<\/p>\n<p><strong>EL SISTEMA IMMUNITARI:<\/strong>\u00a0el cos hum\u00e0 compta amb un sistema de defenses propi que quan detecta l&#8217;entrada de microorganismes pat\u00f2gens s&#8217;organitza per combatre&#8217;ls i eliminar-los.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LES VACUNES<\/strong>: ajuden el sistema immunitari a crear noves defenses contra un microorganisme concret. Injectant el microorganisme mort, afeblit o fragmentat, s&#8217;aconsegueix que el cos hi respongui fabricant anticossos, que recordi com defensar-se en cas de reinfecci\u00f3 i que eviti la malaltia.<\/p>\n<p>Amb la vacunaci\u00f3 comunit\u00e0ria s&#8217;ha aconseguit controlar i pr\u00e0cticament erradicar infeccions que havien tingut \u00edndexs de mortalitat molt elevats.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ELS ANTIBI\u00d2TICS<\/strong>: eliminen els bacteris que provoquen les infeccions greus. Des que\u00a0<strong>Alexander Fleming<\/strong>\u00a0va descobrir la penicil\u00b7lina, el 1928, els antibi\u00f2tics han salvat milions de vides.<\/p>\n<p>Actualment hi ha antibi\u00f2tics per combatre gaireb\u00e9 tots els tipus de bacteris, per\u00f2 els microorganismes tamb\u00e9 lluiten per defensar-se i van mutant per intentar sobreviure.\u00a0Amb el temps, alguns bacteris han desenvolupat resist\u00e8ncies i costa trobar antibi\u00f2tics que els eliminin.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;\u00fas generalitzat, i de vegades incorrecte, dels antibi\u00f2tics ha fet que cada vegada hi hagi m\u00e9s bacteris resistents i aix\u00f2, a la llarga, pot acabar suposant un greu problema de salut p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<p>Hi ha experts que afirmen que si no es fa m\u00e9s recerca i no es troben noves mol\u00e8cules,\u00a0<strong>l&#8217;any 2050 les infeccions produ\u00efdes per bacteris resistents als antibi\u00f2tics podrien arribar a causar 10 milions de morts l&#8217;any al m\u00f3n,<\/strong>\u00a0una xifra semblant a la d&#8217;abans del descobriment de la penicil\u00b7lina.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"titol-gran\">LA PREVENCI\u00d3<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Qu\u00e8 podem fer, segons els metges?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La millor manera de prevenir les infeccions \u00e9s evitar el contagi. Nom\u00e9s cal seguir uns quants\u00a0<strong>h\u00e0bits<\/strong>\u00a0molt senzills:<\/p>\n<p>-Si esteu malalts no heu d&#8217;anar a l&#8217;escola ni a treballar. Per la vostra salut i per no encomanar ning\u00fa altre.<\/p>\n<p>-Conserveu i manipuleu correctament els aliments. Renteu b\u00e9 fruites i verdures.<\/p>\n<p>-Beveu aigua d&#8217;ampolla quan viatgeu a pa\u00efsos on l&#8217;aigua pot estar contaminada.<\/p>\n<p>-Si us feu una ferida, netegeu-la de seguida amb aigua i sab\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Per evitar el risc d&#8217;infecci\u00f3 per transmissi\u00f3 sexual utilitzeu correctament el preservatiu.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Si esternudeu o tossiu, poseu-vos el colze davant la boca, mai la m\u00e0 (podeu tocar altres persones i transmetre la malaltia)<\/p>\n<p>I el consell m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil i el m\u00e9s efica\u00e7: renteu-vos les mans molt sovint amb aigua i sab\u00f3 o amb una soluci\u00f3 alcoh\u00f2lica. A casa i a l&#8217;hospital.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La higiene de mans salva vides<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"titol-gran\">EL FUTUR<\/h2>\n<p>De cara al futur, la recerca encara t\u00e9 molts reptes importants: s&#8217;han de trobar noves eines de diagn\u00f2stic r\u00e0pid que permetin fer un tractament immediat, s&#8217;han de descobrir nous antibi\u00f2tics capa\u00e7os de combatre els bacteris resistents, s&#8217;han d&#8217;aconseguir noves vacunes&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Tot el que calgui per poder curar un grup de malalties que afecten tothom.<\/p>\n<p>Cal seguir avan\u00e7ant en la investigaci\u00f3 i per aix\u00f2 l&#8217;edici\u00f3 de La Marat\u00f3 de TV3 i Catalunya R\u00e0dio d&#8217;aquest any estar\u00e0 dedicada\u00a0<strong>a les malalties infeccioses<\/strong>. Com sempre, t&#8217;hi esperem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avui dimecres els alumnes de quart d&#8217;ESO han pogut anar a la xerrada de &#8220;La Marat\u00f3&#8220;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,29],"tags":[161,115,129,44],"class_list":["post-4249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-portada","tag-4t-eso","tag-c-experimentals","tag-tutoria","tag-xerrades"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4249"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6170,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4249\/revisions\/6170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/institutcanplanas\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}