{"id":5876,"date":"2022-04-06T19:56:05","date_gmt":"2022-04-06T17:56:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/?p=5876"},"modified":"2022-04-06T19:56:05","modified_gmt":"2022-04-06T17:56:05","slug":"dones-antifranquistes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/general\/dones-antifranquistes\/","title":{"rendered":"DONES ANTIFRANQUISTES"},"content":{"rendered":"

Avui la Teresa i la Cati han fet una xerrada a 2n batxillerat (Hist\u00f2ria d\u2019Espanya XIX-XX) sobre les dones antifranquistes a Terrassa. La Teresa ens ha fet cinc c\u00e8ntims del context pol\u00edtic i socio-econ\u00f2mic i la Cati ha estat un testimoni directe de l\u2019\u00e8poca dels 70\u2019s i \u00faltimes cuetejades del Franquisme. La Teresa i la Cati s\u2019han nodrit de les fonts prim\u00e0ries, institucions com el casal de la dona i diaris de l\u2019\u00e8poca com La Vanguardia i el Diari de Terrassa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>La situaci\u00f3 de la dona era triplement dura: a casa, a la feina i a nivell pol\u00edtic: salaris baixos i sovint sense declarar, feines a la ind\u00fastria t\u00e8xtil, a algunes botigues, netejant, minyones o com a m\u00e0 d\u2019obra poc especialitzada. Els homes, normalment ocupaven els llocs de m\u00e9s responsabilitat com per exemple: encarregats, caps de colla, contramestres a la ind\u00fastria t\u00e8xtil i, en general, a tota mena d\u2019oficis. Les dones que volien treballar fora de casa havien de tenir el perm\u00eds del pare o del marit. Quant a pol\u00edtica, estava mal vist que una dona s\u2019involucr\u00e9s en aquests temes. Una subordinaci\u00f3 total.<\/span><\/p>\n

Veiem aix\u00ed que a Terrassa sorgeix un conjunt de dones i homes que van estar involucrats en la lluita antifranquista. Tenien ganes de millorar la situaci\u00f3 social i van comen\u00e7ar a militar en organitzacions sindicals o pol\u00edtiques en la clandestinitat (PSUC, CCOO…) S\u2019ha de tenir en compte que si no hagu\u00e9s estat per ells\/es, el resultat de la Transici\u00f3 i posterior arribada de la Democr\u00e0cia no hagu\u00e9s estat igual. Tot estava per fer, a m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s, la classe treballadora vivia en unes condicions p\u00e8ssimes tant a les seves cases, sovint d\u2019autoconstrucci\u00f3, com a les f\u00e0briques.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per entendre el context, primer la Teresa ens explica les condicions laborals a les ind\u00fastries de Terrassa i moltes altres ciutats industrials. Durant els 50-60-70\u2019s la ind\u00fastria t\u00e8xtil encara era potent i comencen a demanar m\u00e0 obra i per tant molts treballadors d\u2019Andalusia, Extremadura, M\u00farcia, Arag\u00f3 van venir a moltes ciutats catalanes industrials a trobar una millor vida tot fugint del paup\u00e8rrim camp on normalment eren jornalers sotmesos a uns sous miserables.<\/span><\/p>\n

En el cas terrassenc, la ind\u00fastria t\u00e8xtil era la m\u00e9s potent juntament amb la metal\u00b7l\u00fargica. Els\u00a0<\/span>empresaris es feren d\u2019or a costa de la sobreexplotaci\u00f3 obrera. \u00c9s aquest context, m\u00e9s la\u00a0 riuada del 62, els que van actuar de detonants perqu\u00e8 la classe obrera prengu\u00e9s consci\u00e8ncia de la seva situaci\u00f3 i a moure\u2019s per reivindicar millores socials. Tot s\u2019ha de dir, una riuada on van morir 320 terrassencs, immigrants arribats d\u2019Espanya, que s\u2019havien autoconstru\u00eft cases al costat de la riera. D\u2019altra banda, observem com Terrassa patia una manca d\u2019habitatge notable i ni els empresaris ni entitats locals van estar a l\u2019al\u00e7ada per tal de pal\u00b7liar aquest mal. La gent es va haver de buscar la vida amb l\u2019autoconstrucci\u00f3 de vivendes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s hi havia un analfabetisme galopant i havia barris com el de Ca n\u2019Anglada on el 50% dels fills de fam\u00edlies obreres no tenien pla\u00e7a en una escola. S\u2019ha de tenir en compte que, a m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s, si volien reivindicar qualsevol aspecte, encara estaven en \u00e8poca\u00a0 franquista i era il\u00b7legal reunir-se per parlar de temes pol\u00edtics!<\/span><\/p>\n

Finalment, la Cati Moreno ens ha explicat la seva pr\u00f2pia experi\u00e8ncia. De pares andalusos, va venir a Terrassa quan tenia un any i mig (anys 50\u2019s). A causa de la manca de vivenda, van viure en una barraca d\u2019autoconstrucci\u00f3 durant 6 anys. Una vivenda on gaireb\u00e9 no tenien ni llum natural\/artificial i on feia molt de fred. Als 14 anys entra a treballar en un taller de confecci\u00f3 i immediatament van crear, juntament amb unes companyes, un comit\u00e8 d\u2019empresa per millorar les condicions laborals i defendre les innombrables injust\u00edcies que patien per part dels amos. Gr\u00e0cies a la creaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquest comit\u00e8 van aconseguir millores salarials, vestuari laboral, lavabos i un menjador. Eren temps moguts i de for\u00e7a vagues, manifestacions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

No obstant aix\u00f2, no era f\u00e0cil mobilitzar la gent per fer vagues, etc.. Una de les m\u00e9s sonades fou la de SEAT (Bcn) on la policia va matar un treballador i arran d\u2019aquests fets, Cati ens explica que van convocar una vaga general el 28\/10\/78 a nivell de tota Catalunya. A Terrassa van fer una manifestaci\u00f3 i ella i uns companys que encap\u00e7alaven la manifestaci\u00f3 van ser detinguts i enviats al quarter de la policia a Terrassa, posteriorment a Governaci\u00f3 Militar (Bcn) i finalment a la pres\u00f3 de Trinitat (a Torre Bar\u00f3, a l\u2019entrada de Bcn). Aquest fet fou extensible a altres ciutats on la repressi\u00f3 per part de les autoritats politico-judicials va caure implacablement com una llosa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moltes gr\u00e0cies Teresa i Cati per haver tret a la llum aquests \u201ctresors\u201d pol\u00edtico-socials. Les ferides de la GC i franquisme encara estan obertes i el seu \u00fanic tractament \u00e9s la veritat. En definitiva, no es pot construir un futur amb un passat basat en la impunitat i el desconeixement.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gr\u00e0cies per la vostra generositat Teresa i Cati! Ha estat una xerrada interessant\u00edssima!<\/span><\/p>\n

Teresa R, Cati M i Eva Giner<\/span><\/p>\n\r\n\t

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    Avui la Teresa i la Cati han fet una xerrada a 2n batxillerat (Hist\u00f2ria d\u2019Espanya XIX-XX) sobre les dones antifranquistes a Terrassa. La Teresa ens ha fet cinc c\u00e8ntims del context pol\u00edtic i socio-econ\u00f2mic i la Cati ha estat un testimoni directe de l\u2019\u00e8poca dels 70\u2019s i \u00faltimes cuetejades del Franquisme. La Teresa i la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":5879,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,147,1,107,29],"tags":[162,164],"class_list":["post-5876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-batxillerat","category-dep-socials","category-general","category-noticies-del-centre","category-portada","tag-2n-batxillerat","tag-departament-de-socials"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5876","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5876"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5876\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5885,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5876\/revisions\/5885"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5876"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iestorredelpalau\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}