Poden les m\u00e0quines arribar a ser persones? I a ser humanes?<\/b><\/p>\n
Si en fixem en la pel\u00b7l\u00edcula <\/span>Her<\/span><\/i>, podem veure la hist\u00f2ria d\u2019amor que hi ha entre un hum\u00e0 i un sistema operatiu. Entre aquesta pel\u00b7l\u00edcula de ci\u00e8ncia-ficci\u00f3 i la realitat hi ha un gran pas, per\u00f2 potser hi estem m\u00e9s a prop del que pensem. Ara que ja tenim intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncies artificials com la de <\/span>Siri<\/span><\/i>, <\/span>Cortana<\/span><\/i> o <\/span>Google Assistant<\/span><\/i>, el seg\u00fcent gran repte \u00e9s crear eines que mesurin les emocions humanes, interpretar-les i simular-les. L\u2019objectiu final \u00e9s poder tenir la mateixa relaci\u00f3 que podem tenir amb una persona amb una m\u00e0quina.<\/span><\/p>\n Les possibilitats d\u2019aquesta tecnologia s\u00f3n infinites. En un futur una intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial podr\u00e0 sentir els nostres sentiments i emocions i saber com ajudar-nos, podr\u00e0 detectar l\u2019estr\u00e9s i fer que ens relaxem, ens donar\u00e0 consells per solucionar els nostres problemes, etc. El futur \u00e9s la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial. Per\u00f2, si aquestes m\u00e0quines que volem crear interpreten els nostres sentiments; poden arribar les m\u00e0quines a ser persones? I a ser humanes?<\/span><\/p>\n Abans de trobar resposta a aquesta pregunta, hem de comen\u00e7ar per saber qu\u00e8 som els \u00e9ssers humans. Sabem que el 99,9% del genoma hum\u00e0 \u00e9s id\u00e8ntic i que l\u2019\u00fa per mil que varia \u00e9s el que defineix tant els nostres car\u00e0cters f\u00edsics com psicol\u00f2gics. Aquest fet no \u00e9s una hip\u00f2tesi, sin\u00f3 que com que ha estat contrastat i confirmat: \u00e9s una teoria. La definici\u00f3 d\u2019\u00e9sser hum\u00e0 nom\u00e9s \u00e9s un concepte biol\u00f2gic; tothom qui ha nascut d\u2019uns pares humans \u00e9s un \u00e9sser hum\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n El fil\u00f2sof Kant <\/span>(segle XVIII)<\/span> ens diria que una persona \u00e9s un agent autoconscient, racional i moral. Si acceptem aquesta definici\u00f3 de persona; acceptem tamb\u00e9 la possibilitat que hi hagi \u00e9ssers que no siguin humans per\u00f2 que puguin ser autoconscients, racionals i morals, i per tant, que puguin ser persones. Aquest fil\u00f2sof tamb\u00e9 afegeix que l\u2019autonomia d\u2019un \u00e9sser racional \u00e9s el fonament de la seva dignitat; que \u00e9s el valor que t\u00e9 una persona pel simple fet de ser persona. Ell diu que mai hem de fer servir una persona com a mitj\u00e0 per aconseguir alguna altra cosa, \u00e9s a dir, diu que hem de fer servir una persona com a fi.<\/span><\/p>\n Ara que sabem la difer\u00e8ncia entre humans i persones, podem distingir dos casos. El primer cas, i el m\u00e9s com\u00fa, \u00e9s el dels humans que no s\u00f3n ni autoconscients, ni racionals, ni morals. Si seguim l\u2019exemple de Kant, no podr\u00edem considerar persones a aquests \u00e9ssers humans i aquest podria ser el cas dels beb\u00e8s, els humans en coma, els fetus, alguns humans amb malalties mentals greus, etc. El segon cas \u00e9s el que ens ajudar\u00e0 a respondre a la pregunta inicial. En algun lloc de l\u2019univers o, com hem estat parlant, en un futur, hi podria haver \u00e9ssers extraterrestres o m\u00e0quines que no serien de descend\u00e8ncia humana, per\u00f2 que com que tindrien les caracter\u00edstiques de les persones, se\u2019ls en podria considerar. <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cLa veritable preocupaci\u00f3 sobre la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial \u00e9s que est\u00e0 fora de control\u201d. Aquestes s\u00f3n paraules d\u2019Alexander Reben, un artista i enginyer interessat amb les relacions entre les m\u00e0quines i els humans. Aquest especialista en rob\u00f2tica alerta la humanitat dels futurs perills que hi pot haver en les m\u00e0quines i la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial. Seguint la idea de Reben i, com que ja es preveu que en un futur pr\u00f2xim existiran les m\u00e0quines amb intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial, la multinacional Google, a trav\u00e9s de la fundaci\u00f3 Google DeepMind i la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 de diversos cient\u00edfics est\u00e0 creant el \u201cgran bot\u00f3 vermell\u201d. Aix\u00f2 no \u00e9s res m\u00e9s que un protocol que permetria a l\u2019operador hum\u00e0 interrompre el funcionament de la intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial. El punt m\u00e9s cr\u00edtic, per\u00f2, \u00e9s que el robot aprengui a prevenir o invalidar aquesta interrupci\u00f3. Aquesta possibilitat ha estat la que ha fet que diversos cient\u00edfics i investigadors hagin fet hip\u00f2tesis del que podria passar si aquestes m\u00e0quines, que tindrien intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia artificial i podrien ser autoconscients, racionals i morals, volguessin ser reconegudes com a persones. Aquest \u00e9s un problema que tard o d\u2019hora sorgir\u00e0, i aleshores haurem d\u2019haver-nos plantejat una s\u00e8rie de preguntes: ser\u00e0 \u00e8tic utilitzar el \u201cbot\u00f3 vermell\u201d? O com que les m\u00e0quines seran persones, haurien de tenir els mateixos drets i deures que nosaltres?<\/span><\/p>\n Oriol Segura Ambr\u00f3s Poden les m\u00e0quines arribar a ser persones? I a ser humanes? Si en fixem en la pel\u00b7l\u00edcula Her, podem veure la hist\u00f2ria d\u2019amor que hi ha entre un hum\u00e0 i un sistema operatiu. Entre aquesta pel\u00b7l\u00edcula de ci\u00e8ncia-ficci\u00f3 i la realitat hi ha un gran pas, per\u00f2 potser hi estem m\u00e9s a prop del que […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,130,69,228],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-portada","category-1bat","category-filosofia","category-promocio_2012-18"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iesperefontdevila\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iesperefontdevila\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iesperefontdevila\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iesperefontdevila\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iesperefontdevila\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2733"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iesperefontdevila\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11080,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iesperefontdevila\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2733\/revisions\/11080"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iesperefontdevila\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iesperefontdevila\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iesperefontdevila\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/iesperefontdevila\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nFilosofia, 1r BAT<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"