{"id":11182,"date":"2021-03-10T21:46:57","date_gmt":"2021-03-10T20:46:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/?p=11182"},"modified":"2021-03-16T12:19:39","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T11:19:39","slug":"de-mares-a-fills-dna-mitocondrial","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/general\/de-mares-a-fills-dna-mitocondrial\/","title":{"rendered":"De mares a fills: DNA mitocondrial"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tothom en algun moment de la seva vida haur\u00e0 sentit que la meitat de la c\u00e0rrega gen\u00e8tica que posseeix prov\u00e9 de la mare i l\u2019altra meitat del pare, per\u00f2 realment no \u00e9s aix\u00ed. Tots tenim una quantitat m\u00e9s gran de material gen\u00e8tic de les nostres MARES i aix\u00f2 \u00e9s aix\u00ed per qu\u00e8 el material gen\u00e8tic mitocondrial prov\u00e9 de la nostra mare; dit en altres paraules, el DNA que hi ha en els mitocondris cel\u00b7lulars \u00e9s d\u2019her\u00e8ncia materna<\/strong>,<\/span>\u00a0I aix\u00f2 \u00e9s aix\u00ed ja que \u00e9s l\u2019\u00f2vul el portador dels mitocondris durant la fecundaci\u00f3. Els mitocondris s\u00f3n com les nostres grans centrals nuclears, ja que s\u2019encarreguen de produir energia per a qu\u00e8 la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula realitzi totes les seves funcions vitals.<\/span><\/p>\n

Estudis recents determinen que pot haver-hi una her\u00e8ncia biparental. \u00a0A<\/span><\/em>quests estudis han estat publicats a <\/span>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, <\/span><\/em>apuntant\u00a0<\/span>que pot haver excepcions a aquesta her\u00e8ncia materna dels mitocondris, \u00a0i que en alguns casos (pocs), l\u2019her\u00e8ncia pot ser via PATERNA.<\/span><\/p>\n

I qu\u00e8 \u00e9s el DNA mitocondrial?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Es tracta d\u2019una mol\u00e8cula circular, de doble cadena amb 16.569 pb que codifica per a 2 RNA ribos\u00f2mics, 22 RNA de transfer\u00e8ncia i polip\u00e8ptids implicats en la cadena de transport electr\u00f2nic. Cada c\u00e8l\u00b7lula cont\u00e9 centenars de mitocondris i per tant centenars de mol\u00e8cules de DNA <\/span>mitocondrial. Les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules dels teixits que necessiten un major aport energ\u00e8tic, com el m\u00fascul, tenen moltes m\u00e9s mitocondris, que altres c\u00e8l\u00b7lules.<\/span><\/p>\n

Una caracter\u00edstica d\u2019aquest DNA mitocondrial \u00e9s que presenta <\/span>HETEROPL\u00c0SMIA<\/em>,<\/b><\/span>\u00a0\u00e9s a dir, que les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tenen heterogene\u00eftat pel que fa al DNA mitocondrial; per tant poden haver diferents tipus de mol\u00e8cules, i aix\u00f2, a nivell patol\u00f2gic, \u00e9s el causant de la gran VARIABILITAT DE MALALTIES CAUSADES PER MUTACIONS DEL DNA MITOCONDRIAL. Aquest<\/span>\u00a0DNA ha estat molt estudiat perqu\u00e8 t\u00e9 una taxa de mutaci\u00f3 deu vegades superior al DNA nuclear (el que cont\u00e9 el nucli de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules), i perqu\u00e8 causa malalties amb un patr\u00f3 d\u2019her\u00e8ncia determinat, ja que s\u00f3n transmeses la gran majoria per via materna .<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Alguns exemples d\u2019aquestes malalties s\u00f3n: <\/span>Neuropatia \u00f2ptica heredit\u00e0ria de Leber<\/b><\/i><\/span> <\/i>(causa ceguera per lesi\u00f3 del nervi \u00f2ptic manifestant-se cap als 25 anys d\u2019edat) i l’<\/strong><\/em><\/span>E<\/em>pil\u00e8psia miocl\u00f3nica o Sindrome de Person<\/b><\/i><\/span> (un tipus de sordesa).<\/span><\/p>\n

INS Ramon Berenguer IV Cambrils.\u00a0Departament de Ci\u00e8ncies.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tothom en algun moment de la seva vida haur\u00e0 sentit que la meitat de la c\u00e0rrega gen\u00e8tica que posseeix prov\u00e9 de la mare i l\u2019altra meitat del pare, per\u00f2 realment no \u00e9s aix\u00ed. Tots tenim una quantitat m\u00e9s gran de material gen\u00e8tic de les nostres… Llegeix m\u00e9s\u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":308,"featured_media":11187,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[211,1,29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencies","category-general","category-portada"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/308"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11182"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11201,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11182\/revisions\/11201"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ies-rbiv-cambrils\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}