{"id":10403,"date":"2025-04-27T23:12:40","date_gmt":"2025-04-27T21:12:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/?page_id=10403"},"modified":"2025-04-29T15:28:15","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T13:28:15","slug":"marc-teoric","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/steam\/lluitadors-del-foc\/marc-teoric\/","title":{"rendered":"Marc te\u00f2ric"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Predicci\u00f3 del risc d&#8217;incendi amb temperatura i humitat del terra<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>El risc de incendi es pot predir mesurant la <strong>temperatura<\/strong> i la <strong>humitat del terra<\/strong>, ja que aquests dos factors influeixen directament en el contingut d&#8217;humitat de la vegetaci\u00f3 (el \u201ccombustible\u201d dels incendis). Quan la temperatura \u00e9s alta i la humitat del terra \u00e9s baixa, la vegetaci\u00f3 s&#8217;asseca i es torna molt m\u00e9s inflamable.<\/p>\n<p>Un model senzill podria combinar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Temperatura elevada<\/strong> \u2192 augmenta l&#8217;evaporaci\u00f3 i l&#8217;estr\u00e8s h\u00eddric de les plantes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Humitat baixa del terra<\/strong> \u2192 indica que les arrels no poden aportar prou aigua a la planta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Funcionament b\u00e0sic<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Es mesuren la temperatura i la humitat en\u00a0 la superf\u00edcie o a poca profunditat.<\/li>\n<li>A partir de llindars (ex: temperatura &gt;30\u202f\u00b0C i humitat del terra &lt;20%), es classifica el risc en categories (baix, moderat, alt, extrem).<\/li>\n<li>Models m\u00e9s avan\u00e7ats poden combinar aquestes dades amb altres factors (vent, tipus de vegetaci\u00f3, antecedents de pluja, etc.) per millorar la precisi\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Exemple de f\u00f3rmula de risc d&#8217;incendi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Risc=a\u00d7Temperatura \u2212 b\u00d7Humitat<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>on:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Temperatura<\/strong> = temperatura del terra o ambient (en \u00b0C),<\/li>\n<li><strong>Humitat<\/strong> = humitat del terra (en %),<\/li>\n<li><strong>a<\/strong> i <strong>b<\/strong> s\u00f3n constants que ponderen la import\u00e0ncia de cada factor a cada comarca.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Per exemple, podr\u00edem escollir a=1 i b= 0.5 (valorant una mica m\u00e9s la temperatura) per a totes les comarques de Catalunya.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Interpretaci\u00f3<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Un <strong>valor de risc m\u00e9s alt<\/strong> indica <strong>m\u00e9s perill d&#8217;incendi<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Es poden definir intervals de risc, per exemple:\n<ul>\n<li>Risc baix: Risc &lt; 20<\/li>\n<li>Risc moderat: 20 \u2264 Risc &lt; 40<\/li>\n<li>Risc alt: 40 \u2264 Risc &lt; 60<\/li>\n<li>Risc extrem: Risc \u2265 60<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Exemple num\u00e8ric r\u00e0pid:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Temperatura: 35\u202f\u00b0C<\/li>\n<li>Humitat: 15\u202f%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e0lcul:\u00a0Risc=1\u00d735 \u2212 0.5\u00d715 = 27.5\u00a0\u2192 <strong>Risc moderat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Temperatura (\u00b0C)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Humitat del terra (%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Risc calculat<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Categoria de risc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>Baix<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>Baix<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>Moderat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>30.5<\/td>\n<td>Moderat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<td>Moderat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>39.5<\/td>\n<td>Moderat-Alt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>42.5<\/td>\n<td>Alt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Recordem la f\u00f3rmula utilitzada:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Risc= 1\u00d7Temperatura \u2212 0.5\u00d7Humitat<\/p>\n<p>Un \u00a0<strong>gr\u00e0fic simple<\/strong> para un valor determinat de l&#8217;humitat seria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Eix X: <strong>Temperatura<\/strong> (\u00b0C)<\/li>\n<li>Eix Y: <strong>Risc calculat<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1184\" data-end=\"1209\">Proposta de c\u00e0lcul a primaria<\/h3>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Es tracta de transmetre que en general el risc d&#8217;incendis \u00e9s una combinaci\u00f3 de la temperatura ambient i de la humitat del terra tomada la mesura a poca profunditat. En la seg\u00fcent gr\u00e0fica es pot representar conceptualment la teoria que s&#8217;ha descrit anteriorment.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Grafica-primaria.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-10410\" src=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Grafica-primaria.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"561\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Grafica-primaria.jpg 699w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Grafica-primaria-300x282.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Humitat: Hem vist que els nostres sensors indiquen 0 para sequedat extrema i 63 para m\u00e0xima humitat i que aquests valors es poden passar a percentatges amb la instrucci\u00f3 matem\u00e0tica:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-10412\" src=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-1024x55.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"55\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-1024x55.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-300x16.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-768x41.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-1536x83.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura.jpg 1953w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Per qu\u00e8 no fer el mateix a la temperatura, imaginen que tenim aquesta taula de valor para la temperatura d&#8217;Ol\u00f3 pels mesos de risc d&#8217;incendis:<\/p>\n<table class=\"min-w-full\" data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"1268\">\n<thead data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"225\">\n<tr data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"225\">\n<th data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"168\">Mes<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"196\">Temp. m\u00e0xima mitjana (\u00b0C)<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"196\" data-end=\"225\">Temp. m\u00ednima mitjana (\u00b0C)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"297\" data-end=\"1268\">\n<tr data-start=\"297\" data-end=\"428\">\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"297\" data-end=\"339\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"339\" data-end=\"399\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"399\" data-end=\"428\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"592\">\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"471\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"8\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Juny<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"471\" data-end=\"531\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">26\u201328<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"531\" data-end=\"592\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">13\u201317<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"593\" data-end=\"754\">\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"593\" data-end=\"633\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"10\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Juliol<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"633\" data-end=\"693\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">29\u201331<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"693\" data-end=\"754\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">16\u201320<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"755\" data-end=\"923\">\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"755\" data-end=\"798\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"9\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Agost<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"798\" data-end=\"860\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">29\u201331<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"860\" data-end=\"923\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">16\u201321<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"924\" data-end=\"1089\">\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"924\" data-end=\"966\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"12\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Setembre<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1026\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">25\u201327<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"1026\" data-end=\"1089\"><span class=\"relative -mx-px my-[-0.2rem] rounded px-px py-[0.2rem] transition-colors duration-100 ease-in-out\">12\u201317<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1268\">\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1133\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"1133\" data-end=\"1193\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"max-w-[calc(var(--thread-content-max-width)*2\/3)]\" data-start=\"1193\" data-end=\"1221\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-10413\" src=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-1-1024x53.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"53\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-1-1024x53.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-1-300x16.jpg 300w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-1-768x40.jpg 768w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-1-1536x80.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu311\/2025\/04\/Temperatura-1-2048x106.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Si aquestes premisses s\u00f3n acceptades, ja nom\u00e9s queda portar la teoria a la pr\u00e0ctica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Predicci\u00f3 del risc d&#8217;incendi amb temperatura i humitat del terra<br \/>\nEl risc de incendi es pot predir mesurant la temperatura i la humitat del terra, ja que aquests dos factors influeixen directament en el contingut d&#8217;humitat de la vegetaci\u00f3 (el \u201ccombustible\u201d dels incendis). Quan la temperatura&hellip;  <a href=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/steam\/lluitadors-del-foc\/marc-teoric\/\" title=\"Read Marc te\u00f2ric\">Llegeix m\u00e9s\u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"parent":8958,"menu_order":100,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/side-menu.php","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10403","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10403","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10403"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10403\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10415,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10403\/revisions\/10415"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipsesmondolo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}