{"id":5235,"date":"2025-12-10T19:48:54","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T18:48:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/?p=5235"},"modified":"2025-12-11T16:18:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-11T15:18:29","slug":"descobrim-lestructura-del-sistema-educatiu-alemany-i-lescola-inclusiva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/portada\/descobrim-lestructura-del-sistema-educatiu-alemany-i-lescola-inclusiva\/","title":{"rendered":"Descobrim l\u2019estructura del sistema educatiu alemany i l\u2019escola inclusiva"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Descobrim l\u2019estructura del sistema educatiu alemany i l\u2019escola inclusiva<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Durant l\u2019estada Erasmus+ a Alemanya estem descobrint diverses difer\u00e8ncies entre el sistema educatiu alemany i el nostre. Un dels elements que m\u00e9s ens ha cridat l\u2019atenci\u00f3 \u00e9s la manera com s\u2019organitzen els itineraris de secund\u00e0ria.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Com s\u2019organitza l\u2019educaci\u00f3 secund\u00e0ria a Alemanya?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5236 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.41.28-157x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"206\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.41.28-157x300.jpeg 157w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.41.28.jpeg 360w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 206px) 100vw, 206px\" \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despr\u00e9s de la <\/span><b style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: 1em;\">Grundschule<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (educaci\u00f3 prim\u00e0ria), l\u2019alumnat sol dirigir-se a un d\u2019aquests tres tipus d\u2019escola, segons els seus ritmes d\u2019aprenentatge i recomanacions del professorat:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>1. <\/b><b><i>Hauptschule<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un itinerari orientat a l\u2019\u00e0mbit pr\u00e0ctic i al futur laboral. Molts alumnes continuen cap al model de Formaci\u00f3 Professional dual.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>2. <\/b><b><i>Realschule<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ofereix una formaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s acad\u00e8mica, amb opcions d\u2019accedir a FP de nivell mitj\u00e0 o ampliar estudis m\u00e9s endavant.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>3. <\/b><b><i>Gymnasium<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9s la via acad\u00e8mica m\u00e9s exigent, que finalitza amb l\u2019<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abitur<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (prova d\u2019acc\u00e9s a la universitat).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Les escoles inclusives: el model on estem fent l\u2019estada<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tot i que el sistema alemany tradicionalment deriva l\u2019alumnat cap a diferents itineraris, en els darrers anys ha crescut molt el nombre d\u2019escoles inclusives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aquestes escoles s\u2019anomenen habitualment <\/span><b>\u201cGesamtschule\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> i tenen algunes caracter\u00edstiques molt destacables:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reuneixen en un mateix centre alumnes de diferents nivells i necessitats educatives evitant la separaci\u00f3 tan primerenca t\u00edpica del sistema alemany.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Combinen els tres itineraris cl\u00e0ssics (Hauptschule, Realschule i Gymnasium) dins d\u2019un mateix centre.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Permeten que l\u2019alumnat canvi\u00ef d\u2019itinerari segons evoluciona, fent el sistema m\u00e9s flexible i menys determinista.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hi ha suport individualitzat, pres\u00e8ncia de professionals especialitzats i materials adaptats.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">S\u00f3n espais que fomenten la conviv\u00e8ncia, la cooperaci\u00f3 i la diversitat.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-5237\" src=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.37.48-290x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"290\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.37.48-290x300.jpeg 290w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.37.48-991x1024.jpeg 991w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.37.48-768x794.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.37.48-1486x1536.jpeg 1486w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.37.48.jpeg 1548w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estar en una escola inclusiva ens ha perm\u00e8s veure com el professorat treballa de manera coordinada i com l\u2019alumnat es beneficia d\u2019un entorn que respecta i potencia les difer\u00e8ncies. Hem visitat aules on conviuen estudiants amb ritmes d\u2019aprenentatge diferents, per\u00f2 on cadasc\u00fa treballa amb objectius adequats al seu nivell.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alumnes que en altres escoles haurien estat considerats que no podrien accedir a estudis superiors i que gr\u00e0cies a aquest tipus d&#8217;escola\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ens han comentat que un 70% tenen l\u2019oportunitat d\u2019accedir-hi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tenen un percentatge for\u00e7a elevat de mestres d\u2019origen no alemany, hem trobat mestres del Marroc, de Salamanca, de Xile, de Georgia, d\u2019Ucra\u00efna i un gran nombre de mestres alemanys d\u2019ascend\u00e8ncia turca. Tamb\u00e9 a moltes aules hi ha cartells explicatius de continguts b\u00e0sics de llengua, o de matem\u00e0tiques en les diferents lleng\u00fces que hi ha al centre.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5238 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.38.22-225x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.38.22-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.38.22-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.38.22-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.38.22.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5239 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.39.06-300x226.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"397\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.39.06-300x226.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.39.06-1024x771.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.39.06-768x578.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.39.06-1536x1156.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.39.06-200x150.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.39.06.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La Gesamtschule \u00e9s una escola UNESCO i aix\u00f2 els permet treballar diferents projectes dels ODS sobretot els que fan refer\u00e8ncia a la reducci\u00f3 de les desigualtats (ODS 10) i en el fet de proporcionar una educaci\u00f3 b\u00e0sica a les capes m\u00e9s desafavorides de la societat (ODS 4).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-5240\" src=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.40.54-300x284.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.40.54-300x284.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-content\/uploads\/usu497\/2025\/12\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-12-10-at-19.40.54.jpeg 311w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hem de tenir en compte que Gelsenkirchen \u00e9s la ciutat m\u00e9s pobra d\u2019Alemanya i el barri d\u2019\u00dackendorf on s\u2019ubica l\u2019escola el nivell socioecon\u00f2mic m\u00e9s baix de la ciutat, per tant, tenen una poblaci\u00f3 escolar formada per un 99% d&#8217;immigraci\u00f3 on l\u2019alemany \u00e9s una segona llengua per la gran majoria d\u2019alumnes.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Descobrim l\u2019estructura del sistema educatiu alemany i l\u2019escola inclusiva<br \/>\nDurant l\u2019estada Erasmus+ a Alemanya estem descobrint diverses difer\u00e8ncies entre el sistema educatiu alemany i el nostre. Un dels elements que m\u00e9s ens ha cridat l\u2019atenci\u00f3 \u00e9s la manera com s\u2019organitzen els itineraris de secund\u00e0ria.<br \/>\nCom s\u2019organitza l\u2019educaci\u00f3&hellip;  <a href=\"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/portada\/descobrim-lestructura-del-sistema-educatiu-alemany-i-lescola-inclusiva\/\" title=\"Read Descobrim l\u2019estructura del sistema educatiu alemany i l\u2019escola inclusiva\">Llegeix m\u00e9s\u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[139,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erasmus","category-portada"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5235"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5235\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5241,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5235\/revisions\/5241"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipjoansolans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}