Amb l\u2019expansi\u00f3 de l\u2019era digital, la mat\u00e8ria primera m\u00e9s preuada \u00e9s, el coltan.<\/p>\n
Els c\u00e0lculs aproximats de m\u00f2bils actius al m\u00f3n donen una xifra d’uns 6.000 milions. Gaireb\u00e9 tants com habitants. Si hi sumem el nombre de m\u00f2bils no actius, la xifra es multiplica r\u00e0pidament. L\u2019\u00e8xit del m\u00f2bil descansa sobre els alts rendiments econ\u00f2mics de l\u2019explotaci\u00f3 i la colonitzaci\u00f3 d\u2019un recurs, el mineral coltan, l\u2019or blau, el capital de les noves m\u00e0fies.<\/p>\n
Paraula rara, desconeguda per la majoria, el coltan \u00e9s un terme derivat de la contracci\u00f3 dels dos minerals que el formen, la columbita i la tantalita. Del coltan s’extreu el t\u00e0ntal, un material \u00f2ptim per a la fabricaci\u00f3 de condensadors. Els condensadors s’utilitzen avui en infinitat d’aplicacions d’alta tecnologia: transmissors i receptors de r\u00e0dio, televisors, ordinadors, m\u00f2bils, alimentadors, consoles de videojocs, MP3 i MP4, aparells de diagn\u00f2stic m\u00e8dic, fibra \u00f2ptica, sat\u00e8l\u00b7lits, aplicacions militars, etc.<\/p>\n
El gran problema, si encara es pot dir aix\u00ed, \u00e9s que les reserves d’aquest mineral es troben en un 80% al Congo, a l’extrem oriental d’aquella antiga col\u00f2nia belga, tocant a la frontera de Ruanda. All\u00ed, a la prov\u00edncia de Nord-Kivu es localitzen les mines de coltan. Malgrat aquesta riquesa natural, paradoxalment el govern del Congo no ha volgut o pogut controlar-ne l’explotaci\u00f3, legalitzar-la i revertir en el pa\u00eds uns beneficis que ja superen de molt el de les seves famoses mines de diamants.<\/p>\n
Des dels inicis del 1996 fins avui, les dures condicions d’extracci\u00f3 del mineral, el control de les mines per part de grups armats i la manca d’escr\u00fapols de les multinacionals interessades han provocat ja m\u00e9s de cinc milions de morts.<\/p>\n
Fins avui, doncs, del coltan se n’aprofiten una llarga cadena de beneficiaris: d\u00f3na feina amb sous miserables a les fam\u00edlies locals \u2013en qu\u00e8 els nens s\u00f3n molt \u201capreciats\u201d per picar pedra en els llocs m\u00e9s inaccessibles–, proporciona d\u00f2lars i armes a les guerrilles militars que controlen el territori, assegura grans beneficis als intermediaris de la mat\u00e8ria primera (corporacions mineres i transformadores) i espl\u00e8ndids negocis als fabricants dels dispositius electr\u00f2nics (amb la Xina al capdavant, amb el 50 % de la producci\u00f3).<\/p>\n
Tanmateix la tecnologia avan\u00e7a i ara es comen\u00e7a a experimentar l’\u00fas a gran escala de components cer\u00e0mics m\u00e9s barats i m\u00e9s eficients que els derivats del coltan.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Amb l\u2019expansi\u00f3 de l\u2019era digital, la mat\u00e8ria primera m\u00e9s preuada \u00e9s, el coltan. Els c\u00e0lculs aproximats de m\u00f2bils actius al m\u00f3n donen una xifra d’uns 6.000 milions. Gaireb\u00e9 tants com habitants. Si hi sumem el nombre de m\u00f2bils no actius, la xifra es multiplica r\u00e0pidament. L\u2019\u00e8xit del m\u00f2bil descansa sobre els alts rendiments econ\u00f2mics de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3r"],"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipalfredmata\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3129","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipalfredmata\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipalfredmata\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipalfredmata\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipalfredmata\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3129"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipalfredmata\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3130,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipalfredmata\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3129\/revisions\/3130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipalfredmata\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipalfredmata\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agora.xtec.cat\/ceipalfredmata\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}